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Design concepts of an aircraft wing: composite and morphing airfoil with auxetic structures

P R BUDARAPU,Sudhir Sastry Y B,R NATARAJAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 394-408 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0352-z

摘要： This paper is categorized into two parts. (1) A frame work to design the aircraft wing structure and (2) analysis of a morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The developed design frame work in the first part is used to arrive at the sizes of the various components of an aircraft wing structure. The strength based design is adopted, where the design loads are extracted from the aerodynamic loads. The aerodynamic loads acting on a wing structure are converted to equivalent distributed loads, which are further converted point loads to arrive at the shear forces, bending and twisting moments along the wing span. Based on the estimated shear forces, bending and twisting moments, the strength based design is employed to estimate the sizes of various sections of a composite wing structure. A three dimensional numerical model of the composite wing structure has been developed and analyzed for the extreme load conditions. Glass fiber reinforced plastic material is used in the numerical analysis. The estimated natural frequencies are observed to be in the acceptable limits. Furthermore, the discussed design principles in the first part are extended to the design of a morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The advantages of the morphing airfoil with auxetic structure are (i) larger displacement with limited straining of the components and (ii) unique deformation characteristics, which produce a theoretical in-plane Poisson’s ratio of −1. Aluminum Alloy AL6061-T651 is considered in the design of all the structural elements. The compliance characteristics of the airfoil are investigated through a numerical model. The numerical results are observed to be in close agreement with the experimental results in the literature.

关键词： wing design aerodynamic loads morphing airfoil auxetic structures negative Poisson’s ratio

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轴向零泊松比结构心血管支架的设计、3D打印与表征 Article

王程锦, 张磊, 方永聪, 孙伟

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第7期页码 979-990 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.013

摘要：

药物洗脱支架固有的缺陷促进了生物可吸收心血管支架的研究与发展。近年来，增材制造技术（也称3D打印技术）在医疗器械领域得到了广泛的应用。本文提出了一种新型的微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统，并利用该系统制备了一种具有零泊松比（ZPR）结构的支架。首先进行了初步的单丝挤出试验来研究合适的制造参数；随后，制备了具有不同几何结构的3D打印支架，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析支架表面形貌；最后，对不同参数的3D打印支架进行了力学性能评价和初步的生物学评价。总之，基于微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统具有制备个性化支架的潜力。

关键词：增材制造 3D打印螺杆挤出心血管支架零泊松比

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负能量问题——超光速研究的重要方向

黄志洵

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第7期页码 42-47

摘要：

论述了关于负能量的多个理论预期和相关实验，阐明了超光速研究和负能量概念的关系。

关键词：负能量超光速 Casimir效应消失模负折射率

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Achievements, challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1532-9

摘要： China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Carbon peak Renewable energy Negative emission Carbon capture Utilisation and storage Nature-based solution

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结构参数对激光熔化制造的2D五模结构泊松比和压缩模量的影响 Article

张磊, 宋波, 刘瑞杰, 赵爱国, 张金良, 卓林蓉, 汤桂平, 史玉升

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 56-67 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.06.009

摘要：

近年来，超材料受到越来越多的关注。五模材料（pentamode materials, PM）作为一种超材料，具有近似于液体的弹性性质。本文通过改变五模结构的薄壁厚度和结构层数，对五模结构的力学性能进行了有限元分析，以获得优异的承载能力。结果表明，随着厚度从0.15 mm增加到0.45 mm，五模结构的压缩模量增大，泊松比减小。随着层数的增加，五模结构的泊松比迅速增大，最终达到0.50~0.55的稳定值。五模结构中应力分布的仿真结果证实，在薄壁和配重单元的交界处存在应力集中。为了验证模拟的力学性能结果，采用选择性激光熔化（selective laser melting, SLM）方法制备了Ti-6Al-4V合金的五模结构试样，并对其力学性能（泊松比和弹性模量）进行了实验研究。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。本文的工作有助于同时具有承载力和五模特性的五模结构的设计和开发。

关键词：超材料五模材料有限元分析激光选区熔化

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Decitabine induces -mediated immune responses in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer: a clinical

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1016-8

摘要： p53 is mutated in half of cancer cases. However, no p53-targeting drugs have been approved. Here, we reposition decitabine for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype with frequent p53 mutations and extremely poor prognosis. In a retrospective study on tissue microarrays with 132 TNBC cases, DNMT1 overexpression was associated with p53 mutations (P = 0.037) and poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010). In a prospective DEciTabinE and Carboplatin in TNBC (DETECT) trial (NCT03295552), decitabine with carboplatin produced an objective response rate (ORR) of 42% in 12 patients with stage IV TNBC. Among the 9 trialed patients with available TP53 sequencing results, the 6 patients with p53 mutations had higher ORR (3/6 vs. 0/3) and better OS (16.0 vs. 4.0 months) than the patients with wild-type p53. In a mechanistic study, isogenic TNBC cell lines harboring DETECT-derived p53 mutations exhibited higher DNMT1 expression and decitabine sensitivity than the cell line with wild-type p53. In the DETECT trial, decitabine induced strong immune responses featuring the striking upregulation of the innate immune player IRF7 in the p53-mutated TNBC cell line (upregulation by 16-fold) and the most responsive patient with TNBC. Our integrative studies reveal the potential of repurposing decitabine for the treatment of p53-mutated TNBC and suggest IRF7 as a potential biomarker for decitabine-based treatments.

关键词： p53 mutation triple-negative breast cancer decitabine DNMT1 IRF7 innate immune response

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Influence of loading ratio on flat slab connections at elevated temperature: A numerical study

S. AL-HAMD, Martin GILLIE, Safaa Adnan MOHAMAD, Lee S. CUNNINGHAM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 664-674 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0620-9

摘要： For reinforced concrete members subjected to high temperature, the degree of in-service loading, commonly expressed as the loading ratio, can be highly influential on the structural behavior. In particular, the loading ratio may be pivotal in relation to the phenomenon of load-induced thermal strain. Despite its potentially pivotal role, to date, the influence of the loading ratio on both material and structural behavior has not been explored in detail. In practice, real structures experience variation in imposed loading during their service life and it is important to understand the likely response at elevated temperatures across the loading envelope. In this paper, the effect of the loading ratio is numerically investigated at both material and structural level using a validated finite element model. The model incorporates a proposed constitutive model accounting for load-induced thermal strain and this is shown to outperform the existing Eurocode 2 model in terms of accuracy. Using the validated model, the specific case of flats slabs and the associated connections to supporting columns at various loading ratios are explored. For the cases examined, a marked difference in the structural behavior including displacement direction was captured from low to high loading ratios consistent with experimental observations.

关键词： concrete finite elements fire load-induced thermal strain punching shear

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Contribution to the design of robotized tele-echography system

GAZEAU, S. ZEGHLOUL, G. POISSON

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第2期页码 135-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0326-3

摘要：

This paper introduces the design of a master-slave robotized system for tele-ultrasound application. The objective of these researches is to design the slave manipulator of this system and its control device (master part). The specification process of the architecture kinematic is based on the analysis of expert’s gesture during ultrasound examinations. These studies have been carried out using a motion capture system. The medical gestures were analyzed in terms of ultrasound probe attitude and used in the definition of the kinematics specifications of the proposed manipulator. The Spherical Parallel Mechanism is selected because its characteristics meet the constraint requirements. The optimal synthesis of spherical parallel manipulators is performed using a real-coded Genetic Algorithm based method. Simulations on the actuator responses of the structure allowed us the validate it. In order to control this robot, we have also designed a haptic device that provides easiness to use as well as force feedback. Its orientation control strategy is based on a use of an adaptative kalman filter which efficiency was demonstrated during experimentations.

关键词： tele-echography motion capture spherical parallel mechanism genetic algorithm adaptative kalman filter

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Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of concrete for optimum sand to aggregate volume ratio

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1400-1414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0779-8

摘要： Aggregates are the biggest contributor to concrete volume and are a crucial parameter in dictating its mechanical properties. As such, a detailed experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of sand-to-aggregate volume ratio (s/a) on the mechanical properties of concrete utilizing both destructive and non-destructive testing (employing UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) measurements). For investigation, standard cylindrical concrete samples were made with different s/a (0.36, 0.40, 0.44, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.56), cement content (340 and 450 kg/m³), water-to-cement ratio (0.45 and 0.50), and maximum aggregate size (12 and 19 mm). The effect of these design parameters on the 7, 14, and 28 d compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and UPV of concrete were assessed. The careful analysis demonstrates that aggregate proportions and size need to be optimized for formulating mix designs; optimum ratios of s/a were found to be 0.40 and 0.44 for the maximum aggregate size of 12 and 19 mm, respectively, irrespective of the W/C (water-to-cement) and cement content.

关键词： aggregates non-destructive testing sand-to-aggregate volume ratio (s/a) maximum aggregate size (MAS)

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施工导流工程风险的保险费用厘定方法研究

陈志鼎,胡志根

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第4期页码 106-112

摘要： ="text-align: justify;">在分析导流工程风险因素、综合风险率和工程保险期限的基础上，研究导流工程失效后淹没基坑造成损失的次数及其分布规律，提出导流系统失效后的总损失服从非齐次复合Poisson

关键词：导流风险工程保险保险费非齐次复合Poisson过程

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Distribution and temporal variability of the solar resource at a site in south-east Norway

Muyiwa S. ADARAMOLA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 375-381 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0426-6

摘要： Globally, solar energy is expected to play a significant role in the changing face of energy economies in the near future. However, the variability of this resource has been the main barrier for solar energy development in most locations around the world. This paper investigated the distribution and variability of solar radiation using the a 10-year (2006 to 2015) data collected at Sørås meteorological station located at latitude 59° 39′ N and longitude 10° 47′E, about 93.3 m above sea level (about 30 km from Oslo), in south-eastern part of Norway. It is found that on annual basis, the total number of days with a global solar radiation of less than 1 kWh/(m ·d) is 120 days while the total number of days with an expected global solar radiation greater than 3 kWh/(m ·d) is 156 days (42.74%) per year. The potential energy output from a horizontally placed solar collector in these 156 days is approximately 75% of the estimated annual energy output. In addition, it is found that the inter-annual coefficient of variation of the global solar radiation is 4.28%, while that of diffuse radiation is 4.96%.

关键词： coefficient of variation global solar radiation diffuse ratio albedo PV energy systems

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Progress in systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer

Hongnan Mo, Binghe Xu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0741-5

摘要： Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a heterogeneous genetic profile. Chemotherapy exhibits substantial activity in a small subset of these patients. Drug resistance is inevitable. Major progress has been made in the genetic analysis of TNBC to identify novel targets and increase the precision of therapeutic intervention. Such progress has translated into major advances in treatment strategies, including modified chemotherapy approaches, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapeutic drugs. All of these strategies have been evaluated in clinical trials. Nevertheless, patient selection remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice.

关键词： triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy targeted therapy

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Fabrication and performance of PEN SOFCs with proton-conducting electrolyte

ZHONG Li, LUO Jingli, Karl Chuang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0008-6

摘要： A positive-electrolyte-negative (PEN) assembly solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a thin electrolyte film for intermediate temperature operation was fabricated. Instead of the traditional screen-printing method, both anode and cathode catalysts were pressed simultaneously and formed with the fabrication of nano-composite electrolyte by press method. This design offered some advantageous configurations that diminished ohmic resistance between electrolyte and electrodes. It also increased the proton-conducting rate and improved the performance of SOFC due to the reduction of membrane thickness and good contact between electrolyte and electrodes. The fabricated PEN cell generated electricity between 600?C and 680?C using HS as fuel feed and air as oxidant. Maximum power densities 40 mW " cm and 130 mW " cm for the PEN configuration with a Mo-Ni-S-based composite anode, nano-composite electrolyte (LiSO+AlO) film and a NiO-based composite cathode were achieved at 600?C and 680?C, respectively.

关键词： proton-conducting positive-electrolyte-negative temperature operation Mo-Ni-S-based composite advantageous

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Process improvement in laser hot wire cladding for martensitic stainless steel based on the Taguchi method

Zilin HUANG,Gang WANG,Shaopeng WEI,Changhong LI,Yiming RONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 242-249 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0397-7

摘要：

Laser hot wire cladding, with the prominent features of low heat input, high energy efficiency, and high precision, is widely used for remanufacturing metal parts. The cladding process, however, needs to be improved by using a quantitative method. In this work, volumetric defect ratio was proposed as the criterion to describe the integrity of forming quality for cladding layers. Laser deposition experiments with FV520B, one of martensitic stainless steels, were designed by using the Taguchi method. Four process variables, namely, laser power (P), scanning speed (V_s), wire feed rate (V_f), and wire current (I), were optimized based on the analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Metallurgic observation of cladding layer was conducted to compare the forming quality and to validate the analysis method. A stable and continuous process with the optimum parameter combination produced uniform microstructure with minimal defects and cracks, which resulted in a good metallurgical bonding interface.

关键词： process optimization Taguchi method signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio volumetric defect ratio laser hot wire cladding